National Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health

Mental health is an of import part of children's overall wellness and well-being. Mental health includes children's mental, emotional, and behavioral well-being. It affects how children think, feel, and act. Information technology besides plays a role in how children handle stress, relate to others, and make salubrious choices.

Mental disorders amid children are described as serious changes in the way children typically learn, behave, or handle their emotions, causing distress and problems getting through the day.¹ Among the more common mental disorders that can be diagnosed in childhood are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), feet, and behavior disorders.

There are unlike ways to assess mental wellness and mental disorders in children. CDC uses surveys, similar the National Survey of Children'southward Wellness, to depict the presence of positive indicators of children's mental health and to empathize the number of children with diagnosed mental disorders and whether they received handling. In this type of survey, parents report on indicators of positive mental health for their child and report any diagnoses their child has received from a healthcare provider.  The information on this page provides data almost indicators of positive mental wellness in children and mental wellness disorders that are well-nigh common in children.

Facts about mental health in U.S. children

National data on positive mental health indicators that describe mental, emotional, and behavioral well-being for children are limited. Based on the information nosotros practice have:

• Indicators of positive mental wellness are present in most children. Parents reported in 2016-2019 that their child mostly or always showed:
  • Affection (97.0%), resilience (87.9%), positivity (98.7%) and curiosity (93.9%) among children ages iii-five years²
  • Marvel (93.0%), persistence (84.two%), and self-command (73.8%) among children ages vi-11 yearsⁱⁱ
  • Curiosity (86.5 %), persistence (84.seven%), and self-control (79.viii%) among children ages 12-17 years²

Facts about mental disorders in U.S. children

• ADHD , anxiety bug, behavior problems, and low are the virtually commonly diagnosed mental disorders in children. Estimates for ever having a diagnosis among children aged 3-17 years, in 2016-nineteen, are given below.
  • ADHD 9.8% (approximately vi.0 meg)²
  • Anxiety 9.4% (approximately 5.8 million)ⁱⁱ
  • Behavior issues viii.ix% (approximately five.5 million)ⁱⁱ
  • Depression 4.4% (approximately two.7 million)²

• Some of these conditions normally occur together. For example, amid children aged iii-17 years in 2016:
  • Having another mental disorder was near common in children with low: about three in 4 children with depression also had anxiety (73.8%) and most 1 in 2 had beliefs problems (47.2%).³
  • For children with anxiety, more than 1 in 3 also had behavior problems (37.9%) and about i in three also had depression (32.3%).^three
  • For children with beliefs problems, more than than 1 in 3 also had feet (36.6%) and about 1 in 5 also had low (xx.iii%).³

• Low and feet have increased over time
  • "Ever having been diagnosed with either anxiety or low" among children aged half-dozen–17 years increased from 5.4% in 2003 to eight% in 2007 and to 8.iv% in 2011–2012.^iv
  • "E'er having been diagnosed with anxiety" increased from five.5% in 2007 to 6.iv% in 2011–2012.⁴
  • "Always having been diagnosed with depression" did not change between 2007 (iv.seven%) and 2011-2012 (4.9%).⁴

• For adolescents, depression, substance use and suicide are important concerns. Amidst adolescents aged 12-17 years in 2018-2019 reporting on the past yr:

• • fifteen.1% had a major depressive episode.^two
  • 36.7% had persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness.²
  • 4.one% had a substance utilise disorder.²
  • 1.6% had an booze use disorder.²
  • 3.2% had an illicit drug utilize disorder.²
  • 18.8% seriously considered attempting suicide.²
  • 15.7% made a suicide programme.²
  • 8.9% attempted suicide.ⁱⁱ
  • ii.5% made a suicide attempt requiring medical handling.²

Learn more about high-risk substance use among youth. Learn more about suicide.

• Handling rates vary among different mental disorders. Among children aged iii-17 years, in 2016:
  • Near 8 in 10 children (78.1%) with depression received handling.³
  • vi in 10 children (59.3%) with feet received handling.³
  • More than v in 10 children (53.five%) with behavior disorders received treatment.ⁱⁱⁱ

• Mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders brainstorm in early on childhood
  • 1 in 6 U.Southward. children aged 2–viii years (17.4%) had a diagnosed mental, behavioral, or developmental disorder.⁵

• Prevalence of mental disorders change with age
  • Diagnoses of ADHD, anxiety, and low become are more than common with increased age.³
  • Behavior problems are more than mutual among children aged 6–eleven years than younger or older children.ⁱⁱⁱ

• Many family unit, customs, and healthcare factors are related to children's mental health
  • Amidst children aged ii-8 years, boys were more probable than girls to take a mental, behavioral, or developmental disorder.^five
  • Amongst children living below 100% of the federal poverty level, more ane in 5 (22%) had a mental, behavioral, or developmental disorder.⁵
  • Age and poverty level afflicted the likelihood of children receiving treatment for feet, depression, or beliefs problems.³

• Adverse childhood events (ACE) are associated with children'due south mental disorder. In 2018-2019, amidst children aged 6-17 years:
  • Children with three or more reported ACEs, compared to children with zero reported ACEs, had college prevalence of ane or more mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder (36.3% versus 11.0%).⁶

Note: The estimates reported on this page are based on parent report, using nationally representative surveys. This method has several limitations. It is non known to what extent children receive these diagnoses accurately. Estimates based on parent-reported diagnoses may match those based on medical records,⁷ simply some children may also have mental disorders that have not been diagnosed, or receive diagnoses that may not be the best fit for their symptoms. Limited information on measuring children's mental health nationally is available².

Read more about children's mental health from a customs study.

Access to mental health treatment

Early diagnosis and appropriate services for children and their families can brand a difference in the lives of children with mental disorders.⁷ Access to providers who can offer services, including screening, referrals, and treatment, varies past location. CDC is working to learn more most admission to behavioral health services and supports for children and their families.

View information by state describing the rates of different types of providers who tin can offer behavioral wellness services providers by county.

Read a recent written report describing shortages of services, barriers to treatment, and how integration of behavioral health intendance with pediatric primary care could address the issues.external icon

Read a policy brief on potential ways to increase access to mental health services for children in rural areas

What is It and Why is It Of import?

Data sources for mental health and related weather

There are many unlike datasets which include information on children's mental health and related weather condition for children living in the U.s.a..

Good for you People 2030external icon
Healthy People 2030 sets data-driven national objectives to ameliorate wellness and well-being over the next decade, including children's mental wellness and well-being.

National Survey of Family unit Growth (NSFG)
NSFG gathers data on family life, marriage and divorce, pregnancy, infertility, use of contraception, and full general and reproductive health.

National Health and Diet Examination Survey (NHANES)
NHANES assesses health and nutritional status through interviews and physical examinations, and includes conditions, symptoms, and concerns associated with mental health and substance abuse, besides as the use and need for mental wellness services.

National Wellness Interview Survey (NHIS)
NHIS collects data on children's mental health, mental disorders, such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, depression and anxiety problems, and use and demand for mental health services.

National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH)external icon
NSCH examines the health of children, with emphasis on well-being, including medical homes, family interactions, the wellness of parents, school and after-schoolhouse experiences, and rubber neighborhoods. This survey was redesigned in 2016.

For previous versions of this survey, see as well:
National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH 2003, 2007, 2011-12)
National Survey of Children with Special Healthcare Needs (NS-CSHCN 2001, 2005-6, 2009-10)

National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome (NS-Data)
NS-DATA collects information nearly children, 2-fifteen years old in 2011-2012, who had ever been diagnosed with ADHD and/or Tourette syndrome (TS), with the goal of meliorate understanding diagnostic practices, level of impairment, and treatments for this group of children.

National Survey on Drug Use and Wellness (NSDUH)external icon
NSDUH, administered past the Substance Abuse and Mental Wellness Services Administration (SAMHSA), provides national- and state-level data on the employ of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs (including non-medical utilise of prescription drugs), every bit well equally data on mental health in the United States.

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS)
NVSS contains vital statistics from the official records of live births, deaths, causes of death, marriages, divorces, and annulment recorded past states and independent registration areas

National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS)
NYTS is a nationally representative school-based survey on tobacco employ by public school students enrolled in grades 6-12.

School Associated Violent Decease Study (SAVD)
SAVD plays an important part in monitoring trends related to schoolhouse-associated violent deaths (including suicide), identifying the factors that increment the risk, and assessing the effects of prevention efforts.

School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS)
SHPPS is a national survey assessing school health policies and practices at the state, commune, schoolhouse, and classroom levels. Collected information includes mental health and social service policies.

Spider web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)
WISQARS is an interactive database system that provides customized reports of injury-related information.

Youth Hazard Behavior Surveillance Organisation (YRBSS)
The YRBSS monitors health-gamble behaviors, including tobacco use, substance abuse, unintentional injuries and violence, sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases.

References

1. Perou R, Bitsko RH, Blumberg SJ, Pastor P, Ghandour RM, Gfroerer JC, Hedden SL, Crosby AE, Visser SN, Schieve LA, Parks SE, Hall JE, Brody D, Simile CM, Thompson WW, Baio J, Avenevoli S, Kogan Doc, Huang LN. Mental wellness surveillance amidst children – Us, 2005—2011. MMWR 2013;62(Suppl; May xvi, 2013):1-35. [Read summary]
2. Bitsko RH, Claussen AH, Lichtstein J, Black LJ, Everett Jones S, Danielson Doctor, Hoenig JM, Davis Jack SP, Brody DJ, Gyawali S, Maenner MM, Warner M, Holland KM, Perou R, Crosby AE, Blumberg SJ, Avenevoli S, Kaminski JW, Ghandour RM. Surveillance of Children'due south Mental Health – United States, 2013 – 2019 MMWR, , 2022 / 71(Suppl-2);1–42. [Read article]
3. Ghandour RM, Sherman LJ, Vladutiu CJ, Ali MM, Lynch SE, Bitsko RH, Blumberg SJ. Prevalence and treatment of depression, anxiety, and conduct issues in U.S. children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 2018. Published online before impress  October 12, 2018 [Read summaryexternal icon ]
4. Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Ghandour RM, Blumberg SJ, Visser SN, Perou R, Walkup J. Epidemiology and impact of healthcare provider diagnosed feet and depression among U.s. children. Periodical of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Published online before print April 24, 2018 [Read summaryexternal icon ]
5. Cree RA, Bitsko RH, Robinson LR, Holbrook JR, Danielson ML, Smith DS, Kaminski JW, Kenney MK, Peacock G. Health intendance, family unit, and customs factors associated with mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders and poverty among children anile 2–viii years — Usa, 2016. MMWR, 2018;67(5):1377-1383. [Read article]
6. Hutchins HJ, Barry CM, Valentine V, Salary South, Njai R, Claussen AH, Ghandour RM, Lebrun-Harris LA, Perkins K, Robinson LR (submitted). Perceived racial/indigenous discrimination, physical and mental health conditions in childhood, and the relative function of other adverse experiences. Adversity and Resilience Science.
7. U.s. Department of Health and Man Services Health Resources and Services Administration & Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human being Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Centre for Mental Wellness Services, and National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health; 1999. [Read written reportexternal icon]

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Source: https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/data.html

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